Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Marketing Plan - Essay ExampleAt the moment, it can be seen that the economic outlook of the US is dim with the FED Chairman announcing that the nation will be experiencing a recession due to the extended problems of trade and budget deficit coupled with the overvalued currency (Bernanke Warns of Possible US Recession 2008).Noting the capital intensive nature of the aircraft production and airline operation, technical expertise together with the index to accurately price long term contracts become the key primary concerns. This makes large business organizations benefit on economies of scale in design, manufacturing, and purchasing. On the other hand, smaller companies concentrate on the manufacture of smaller parts and focusing on small market niches. In order to differentiate themselves from the rapidly proliferating no-frills(prenominal) airlines, they are capitalizing in adding value-added services in order to attract and retain customers (Hoovers Database 2008).Airbus is a Eu ropean aircraft shaper headquartered at Toulouse, France and has long been recognized as Boeings toughest rival. The company is established in 1970 and currently employs 57,000 people in four European Union countries.

Instructional Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Instructional Strategies - Essay ExampleThe prescriptions included the art of t apieceing facts, concepts, social skills, influences, attitudes and principles or rules. The following paper describes a generative strategy to support the above prescriptions. T all(prenominal)ing Facts Facts be truths about real life happenings. The instructor should vividly rest mess the facts and give their meanings for the student to bring back easily. The teacher should also go over that the student can integrate the facts laid d consume in their cognizance projects so that they achieve the desired results. Further, the teacher should also organize the facts in a chronological demeanor for the students to smoothly capture the required meaning. Eventually, the teacher should ensure that the student can elaborate the facts laid down in their own words without problems or deviating from the real meaning. This would ensure that the students generate factual projects and in fall out scoring hi gher grades. Teaching Concepts Morrison et al describes concepts a group of similar ideas or things. The teacher should lay down the concepts in a manner that the student can easily recall and comprehend. ... Further, the teacher moldiness make sure that the concepts are well organized for the student to emulate and apply them properly in their projects. Lastly, the teacher should ensure that the student can elaborate the concepts in their own words without distorting the meaning and immensity of the concepts. Teaching principals and rules According to Morrison et al, the definition of a rule or principle is a relationship amid concepts (2010). Thus, the teacher should clearly state the principle involved in the science projects and make sure that the students get word and recall the principles. Then the teacher should ensure that the students can integrate the principles learnt in their science projects and organize the principles in a chronological manner. Lastly, the teacher s hould ensure that the middle school students can elaborate the principles in their own words so as to make conclusive projects. Teaching procedures The teacher should formulate a procedure and follow it properly so that the student can follow another on their projects. Then the teacher should ensure that the student can integrate the procedural skills gained in their projects, and organize them chronologically. In addition, the teacher should ensure that the student can elaborate the procedures adequately for proper development of their science projects. Teaching interpersonal skills social skills are the ways that human beings use to relate to each other in a amicable manner (Gibson, 1999). Teachers should educate their students on ways of relating to each other in order to help each other in their science projects. The student should be taught that interpersonal skills enable people to help each other out and ask for help. The teacher should

Peer review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 26

Peer recapitulation - Essay Examplethe matter of Chatos sons dead-body and the matter of Ayahs childrens treatment, However, the no outside source has been used. I hear the writers voice best in the questions he puts forth in the article. The essay starts with a thought-provoking question and concludes with summarization of the theme of Lullaby.This essay revolves several(prenominal) the quotation, We are together always. There never was a time, when this was not true by Ayah in Lullaby. The writers question, Ayahs journey through life is filled with loss and hardships brought upon by her heritage and their struggles with the pureness man but could it also said that acceptance is a theme that makes itself apparent as surface? relates to thesis in that it highlights Ayahs acceptance. While the writer has tried to put forth several examples in an attempt to illustrate Ayahs acceptance of the circumstances, some of them are not very strong e.g. track being covered by snow. Snow st ands for coldness, lack of mobility, and lifelessness whereas the writer has interpreted as lucidity and optimism. The essay has a good structure and the points discussed try to elaborate Ayahs acceptance and healing, though some points have been interpreted very

Cadbury plc UK division- Global Strategy analyses Case Study

Cadbury plc UK division- planetary Strategy analyses - Case Study ExampleThe present opportunities for Cadburry UK Division chocolate sector and its possible harvest-home are considered and evaluated with the competitors. This also examines the competitive and technological advancement threats the association receives from its rival competitors. SWOT Analysisvictimization the SWOT analysis and the SFAS matrix, the subsequent TOWS Matrix relating to the companys strategies in significant internal and external factors that poses effects to its cognitive operation and side of meat in the chocolate market are as indicated below. This also includes the strategies the firm should adapt to leverage in order to achieve current and future growth and get a better position over its rivals. Internal Factors competencysWeaknessesStrategies for Strength OpportunitiesStrategies for Weakness OpportunitiesOpportunitiesMaximize convergenceion to optimize on the benefits of the raising market. c oalesce company brand for expansion and growth in emerging markets.Achieve growth through advanced acquisitions and mergers with other companies.Optimize the benefit of increasing market and increase sales by reducing prices of topper selling products. Increase profits through new and up coming marketsTarget on search and development to reduce cost and increase profitsIncrease profit margin via Innovations and fresh productsThreatsStrategies for Strength Threats Leverage to differentiate Brand Venture into innovations to target higher profit margin Invest in research and innovations to produce new products attractive to customers. Optimize production in high selling products mend reducing production of law market products.Strategies for... Looking at e precisething that has been stated above the company has a very strong portfolio of products. And each of the products and the product lines is in a different stage of the product support cycle, thus making it extremely obligatory for the business to understand each of the different products, their markets and their potential thoroughly. This is necessary because the unique nature of the portfolio calls for different strategies to be adopted for the different products in the portfolio. As seen in the BCG matrix, the Ansoff and GE/McKinsey Matrix, the organization can undertake a host of different strategies to increase the profits that are reaped from the product lines and also to reinvest and in different activities such as research and development activities that will help the shaping to develop newer products to replace others that are now spent and in the decline stage and also to tell that the present products that are bringing in the profits will increase their market share, or keep up their market share in a manner that would only increase the future profits of the organisation. In summary the outlook for Cadburys internal and external environment is very good. The strengths of the organisation are very good when compared to the weaknesses and likewise the macro environmental conditions that are prevalent are very conducive to the company even in these difficult economic times.

Compare and contrast the education systems of the UK and other country Essay

Comp ar and contrast the education systems of the UK and other country - Essay ExampleSchool damage are similar. Both are divided in three damage, but they differ in terms of school day year openings. School year in UK starts in September and ends in July. Each term has a break of few weeks, while the third term has two months vacation.The centralized system of plan is observed to both countries with certain dissimilarities in content. In UK, Emphasis of teaching in infant school is on reading, painting and practical lessons. At this stage children learn to read, write and count. As they give out to jr. level, they learn English, Math, science and technology, geography, and religion. They also learn about environment, art, music and P.E. At age 11, students go to junior(a) level of a comprehensive school. At age 16, sixty percent of the children are ready to move to further education. All junior level students are qualified to enter FE level wherein they could grave in vocatio nal or academic, although this is no longer obligatory courses. FE courses prepare them for future employment.In Japan, the elementary school curriculum emphasizes study of Japanese, social studies, mathematics, science, music, arts and handicraft, and physical education. This is the stage where much strain and time is devoted to music, fine arts and curriculum. Japan introduced in its education system the promotion of appraise for individuals, whereupon it was started in 1957 in elementary schools (Nemoto, Y. 1999) Students are required to practice moral education in their insouciant interactions in school and routine activities of cleaning and lunch, 2007. In high school Heirarchy and peer relations are intense and observed at this point.The method of teaching in Japan is very much disparate from UK in that they are concerned with developing the whole being of the child. Teachers consider it their duty to teach them with cultured manners, personal hygiene,

Understanding economic globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Understanding stintingalal planetaryization - Essay interpreterEconomic journals define globalization as a forge by which national economies and cultures are incorporated into an international economy so as to elicit international trade, direct foreign investment, migration, and technology sharing. It is in the main argued that the concept of globalization greatly contributes to effective and rapid circulation of ideas, languages, and cultural ideologies since nations have liberalized cross- ensnare trade regulations with intent to enhance foreign investment and cross-border trade for international business expansion.On the contrary, Deepak Nayyar strongly claims that globalization has not led to a rapid growth and economic convergence in the world. He adds that this process greatly slowed down economic growth, caused the divergence of income levels, and widened the gap between industrialised nations and create countries. Nayyars framework mainly compares the globalisation pr ocess of late nineteenth century with that of the twentieth century. Nayyars framework Nayyar tells that the term globalisation is used twain in a positive and a normative sense, and hence it is a cause for confusion. According to Nayyar (2006), the ledger globalisation is used in a positive sense to express a process of desegregation into the global economy whereas it is used in a normative sense to describe a developmental strategy in the context of a rapid integration with the world economy. In the opinion of Nayyar, globalisation can be simply referred to a spread of economic activities across national boundaries. He swooning explains that the phenomenon of globalisation has three economic manifestations including international trade, international investment, and international finance (Nayyar, 2006). More precisely, this process increases economic openness, promotes economic interdependence, and strengthens economic integration in the world and in order to get more clear i deas about the globalisation process, Nayyar describes the terms economic openness, economic interdependence, and economic integration. Although globalisation and resulted economic openness facilitates flows of investment, services, technology, information, and ideas beyond national boundaries this process cannot liberalise cross-border movement of people (ibid). In addition, Nayyar strongly argues that economic interdependence as a result of globalisation is asymmetrical. He opines that countries in the industrialised world are more mutualist while developing countries are highly dependent on industrialised countries. It also seems that countries in the developing world are less interdependent. A situation of interdependence emerges when the benefits touch in linking and costs involved in delinking are almost same for both partners. In contrast, when the derived benefits and incurred costs are notably contrasting for both partners, it contributes to a situation of interdependence (ibid). By referring to these ideas, he states that globalisation has not oft contributed to the economic prosperity of developing and underdeveloped countries. In the view of Nayyar, economic integration straddles national boundaries because importance of borders in economic transactions has been decreased as a result of globalisation related cross border liberalisation. To justify the argument that the globalisation has reduced the pace of economic growth and also caused some untoward effects on the economies, Nayyar points out a sequence of evidences. In order to strengthen his arguments, Nayyar refers to the point that global economy in the late 20th century and early 21st century (globalisation era) was very much similar to that in the late 19th (pre-globalisation era) century in many ways. He asserts that there were no restrictions on the movement of goods, capital, and labour across national boundaries during the early 20th century and hence political interventions seldom constrained economic activities. He tells that the popularisation of steamship, the railway, and the

How to run a good business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How to run a darling chore - Essay ExampleAfter all this is done, well have to find a suitable mall to set up the firm (where the demand of the business is more), the suitable people to run the business, proper equipment and assets and salutary fledge advertising to promote the business in order to attract the customers.As far as the Samah caf is concerned, the owner would have to arrange for a large amount of capital to start off with the business as the assets and equipments used in the business will have to be state-of-the-art, up-to-date. Secondly, Samah caf will have to select for a suitable place to set itself up where mostly the upper class citizens or the tourists live, as the main market of the business will be sheikhs, the upper class citizens of the city and the tourists. Once the localization principle of the business is decided, it will then have to move its attention towards the qualified staff that would be indispensable to run and maintain the business, as the y play a vital role in satisfying the customer needs as they have specialized in that field.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 232

appointee ExampleFor the line of credit news ne 2rk, I decided to watch CNN go I settled on Fox Network for the broadcast news network. After the thirty-minute session, I came up with the following outcomes.The first social function that I noted was that the covering fire stories for both networks differed significantly. I decided to pay attention to the top troika news stories for both the Fox Network, which is a broadcast network, and for CNN which is a cable network. I noticed that entirely one tarradiddle was similar across the board for the two networks. For CNN, the similar story came third while the same story came first in Fox Network. This was a direct implication that the news stories that be covered by both networks are totally different. It is, however, important to note that ordinary viewers may not note this difference because they could be cruising through different stations oblivious of whether it is a cable or broadcast network.During the session, I also not ed that both networks did not give the same weight down to similar stories. As already mentioned, one story was broadcasted by both networks. However, Fox made the story their top story while CNN did not accord the same story equal weight. This is an implication that the two networks were not in communication so as to decide on a single specimen of airing the same story. In addition to that, the comprehensiveness of the story was different for both networks. Fox gave a comprehensive analysis of the story while CNN seemed to provide a mere overview.When it came to the amount of airtime given to the top three stories, Fox seemed to offer more airtime to its stories as compared to CNN. That notwithstanding, Fox was more comprehensive in analyzing the contented of its stories as compared to CNN which seemed to provide a quick overview of the contents. Despite the difference in the airtime accorded for the stories in both networks, I was unable to notice a significant difference in th e slant of presentations of the stories aired on that day.

Response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Response paper - Essay ExampleAnd so leave alone I be. In the matrix, I am able-bodied to invoke self-awareness within me. I am able to separate my thoughts of the moment from who I actually am. These thoughts will enslave me in the real number world. Not simply my thoughts, but others thoughts will also enslave me. There is no red pill that will brand name me a hero that rationalizes the humanity. I can only change myself. I can only free myself. And this is the harsh reality. I am myself in the Matrix. I get what I want. I can take in kung-fu like Neo. I can fly, stop a speeding bullet, and leap a mountain in one leap, in the Matrix. I do not want to keep finding for Oracles in the real world, who guide us which direction we should go. The Matrix means to me because it tells me that the constraints to my abilities and potential lies only in my mind, and not in reality whereas, the real world is full of real constraints that are hard to combat. I am not forcing things to chan ge for me in the Matrix, but am becoming self-aware of my inner self and talent without whatever limitations. Why would I like to go in the real world to face the same hardships over again which Thomas Anderson faced? I cannot change the humanity and its problems. I can only change my feature self and my own circumstances. There is no point going back to the real world after(prenominal) seeing how much powerful I was in the Matrix. I do not have halt over the world and its people. I only have control on whatever is in my dominion. My turn over contain my future only, and not of the whole world. Well, that may sound self-centeredness to the reader at maiden stance, but it is not selfishness, it is only the reality. My perception, or my decision, tells that I comfort my own world, which is in my command. I value myself, and will not give up the beauty of my life to indulge in something I cannot obtain.In short, I will refuse Neo that he can keep the pill to himself rather, I w ould exchange him to stay in the Matrix and be what he wants than going into the real

Adoption of standardized terminologies Coursework

word meaning of standardized terminologies - Coursework ExampleIn my capacity as a practicing research clinical nursemaid, I would acceptable the implementation of Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) standardized terminology. NIC is a broad, research-based, standardized classification of contend-interventions that clinical nurses execute (Nolan, 2004). It is important for communication of care both over, clinical documentation, productivity measurement, and integration of data across systems and settings, strength evaluation, effectiveness research, curricular design and reimbursement (Clark & Lang, 1992). The NIC Classification comprises of both collaborative and independent interventions that clinical nurses do on behalf of their patients as well as both direct and indirect patient care. Nurses define an intervention as any vital treatment, based on clinical knowledge, wisdom and judgment that a clinical nurse performs to boost client or patient outcomes (Nolan, 2004).I would welcome NIC because it is useful in all clinical settings from acute care ICUs to home care, hospice and primary care. NIC can also be used in all medical specialties from critical patient care to ambulatory care, as well as long-term care (Nolan, 2004). Although the entire NIC classification only describes the nursing domain, some of its interventions are also done by new(prenominal) care providers. Moreover, NIC is also applicable to other non-physician providers in describing their treatments. It is a terminology that can save umpteen situations in case of emergencies in care, in the presence and absence of a nurse (Clark & Lang,

Teaching Process Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

article of belief Process - Research Paper ExampleThe researchers chose this problem because they have observed that the constant reminding and disruptions caused by talking out of turn interrupt and often deviates the flow of the lesson. It is time-consuming on the part of the teacher as s/he must focus on discipline rather than teaching the class. This constant reminding to a fault depletes the energy levels of the teacher, which could be used for teaching instead. The researchers observations are reinforced by research from Fred Jones who found that 80% of the misbehavior in the classroom is comprised of talking out of turn. This proves that this particular behavior is a problem in the classroom and that there is a need to address it. Using the clip system created by the researchers depart enable the teacher to remind and praise the student for raising his or her hand without disrupting the class or deviating from the lesson, thus encouraging decorous behavior and reducing out of turn talking.The study is significant because it provides teachers with a tool to teach students better classroom behavior through self-regulation without the need for constant reminders from The respondents of the study are the morning students of the preparatory class of the Raya School. For the scope of the study, the students will only be given clips during storytelling time. Storytelling time includes certain Love for Reading (GLR) and Critical Thinking (CT) time. GLR is the introduction of the book, the storytelling proper, and questions asked by the students before, during and after storytelling.

Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supply chain management - Essay ExampleCarter and Rogers (2008) define Sustainable Supply compass Management (SSCM) as the strategic, transparent integration and achievement of an organizations social, environmental, and economic goals in the regular coordination of key interoganziational course processes for improving the long-term economic performance of the individual company and its put up set up (cited in Panayiotou & Aravosis, 2011 p.59). Two supply chain types have been identified such as supply-chains driven by lean, cost, and efficiency and supply chains driven by agility, pace and service (Cetinkaya et al, 2011). In order for companies to abide competitive in their SCM, it is important that they customize their supply chains according to the need and competition. The most wide recognized SSCM approach is the triple-bottom line approach which consider the economic, environmental and social contributions or impact that supply chains can make. The best known example of s uch a SSCM is that followed by Starbucks Corporation. Starbucks purchasing school of thought has brought a complete shift in the way supply chain operated. Their purchasing philosophy considers their farmers, their customers and their business through their Coffee And Farmer Equity Practices (C.A.F.E).

The Challenges of Internet Technology in the Area of Marketing Research Paper

The Challenges of Internet Technology in the Area of Marketing - Research musical composition Exampleytical Approach The analysis regarding the altercates of internet applied science in the selling field can be analyzed by collecting information related to it. The internet technology faces continuous challenges while marketing the harvest-feasts or services. These challenges arise due to certain disadvantages of internet technology and constant competition from the online competitors. At times, it has been observe that the marketers advertise the products in certain undesirable sites, consequently the consumers of internet marketing faces dilemma while discourse certain complicated or untrustworthy sites. As a result, the entire marketing campaign gets touch with this issue. The internet technology whitethorn not allow the customers to touch and try the products before purchasing. They can yet purchase it based on the advertisement and service from the marketers. For that r eason, the technology is still struggling to convince customers regarding the product purchase. Along with the technology, it is also a great challenge for the marketers to influence the customers without verbal communication (Affiliate Idol, 2010). The other challenge that is faced by the marketers while utilizing internet as their tool for marketing is poor communication with the customers. The link between marketing personnel and customers exists for the time being i.e. during sales result but after that period the contact gets closed. The technology though brings benefits to the customers, it becomes outdated rapidly, and therefore regular updates argon essential. The poor navigation also has a detrimental impact in conducting any process through and through internet marketing. The marketers data may also get misplaced while conducting any operation through internet. As a result, it leads to brat for the marketers from... This essay approves that discrimination exists in seg mentation of marketing through internet technology. This type of discrimination brings negative impression for marketers. The marketers who use internet technology for their advertisement of the products volunteer importance to high rank consumers. The poorer consumers are incapable to access the advertising by means of internet technology. The two-way communication is absent in this technology. This paper makes a conclusion that with reference to the above discussion, it can be concluded that internet technology faces huge challenges in order to meet the purpose of marketing. There are several issues that are elevated in relation to internet technology. The technology has brought negative impact on both marketers as well(p) as customers. The marketers faced dilemma while making advertising campaign because there is a play to be imitated from the competitors. The customers also faced other issues such as online purchase and fear from the payment through credit cards. These chall enges will continue unless the marketers remain cautious regarding the internet technology while marketing the products. The technology is beneficial for everyone however it needs to be used accurately so that it does not get distorted. unseasonable utilization of internet has led to various challenges. This technology is more advantageous for marketing purpose in comparison to traditional marketing. This type of technology is high on demand in present scenario, thus accurate handling of it brings several benefits for marketers in various ways. Therefore, proper handling of the technology will provide benefits to both customers and marketers.

Australian Taxation system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Australian Taxation system - Essay ExampleThere atomic number 18 also state brasss which control gross taking place in the several states that argon in the country. The last system of organization usher in in Australia is the local governwork forcets. According to Macfarlane in his book Australian Monetary Policy in the uttermost(a) Quarter of the Twentieth Century, it is evident that Australia has low gross rates (Macfarlane 1998). Despite lower evaluate revenueation rates, the governments still struggle to control the taxation system. Several forms of taxation exist in Australia. These include private income taxes, capital gains taxes, fringe benefits, taxes, customs duty taxes, corporate taxes and goods and services taxes just to name a few of all the existing forms of taxes. As testified in the sections of the Australian constitution, all individuals both working and non-working and also companies atomic number 18 forced to pay taxes to all the levels of government the federal government, the state governments and the local governments. Among the national duties that the Australian government accomplishes with the income generated from taxation include the offering of services to the public and paying the public servants. The federal government oftentimes collects taxes from individuals and companies through the Australian Taxation Office which is an organization that helps the federal government collect revenue which is upgrade paid to the various states. Australia as earlier mentioned has several forms of taxation.... Income taxes are the backbone of the Australian economy since they are the most critical and important cum of revenue for the federal government. Provides income tax revenue that the federal government uses to make or accomplish several important tasks. It is also important to note that income taxation in Australia is done on individuals with constant income. Thus, the individuals depending on the working generation which mostl y comprises of the young children and older do not pay income tax. In the words of Cortese C and Glynn J, in his journal Taxation and the Australian obsoleteness System, personal income tax in Australia is done on individuals and not on groups, families, organizations or companies (Cortese and Glynn). another(prenominal) form of taxation is the goods and services tax. In this form of taxation, the federal government often imposes value added tax on goods and services offered and provided all over the country. Business people in Australia posses retail shops, wholesale shops, computer hardware shops and even supermarkets. In these businesses, when an individual buys goods for example clothes, food or any other stuffs, there are tax imposed on him or her. Like in other countries, small business men and women sell their goods and services directly to their customers. When the customers purchase the goods, value added tax is imposed on them. Though tax on goods and services is not much as the personal income tax, it also acts as a source of revenue for the federal government in Australia. The income got from the goods and services taxation by the local government is afterward distributed to the state governments which the state governments use to run their duties. Consequently, corporate tax is another form of taxation in Australia.

Helping Children with Learning Disabilities Essay

Helping Children with Learning Disabilities - Essay ExampleIn breeding practice, there is the risk of focusing on the deficit or special need in a particular area which is seen as the main area of concern, while ignoring the strengths of the students. The recommendable approach in teaching practice is to deal with the difficulty by focusing on the area of strength and this strategy squirt improve the self-esteem of the students with learning difficulty. Certain conditions attract to a greater extent sympathy and compassion and ultimately more control, for example, physical disability, visual or hearing impairment and chronic medical problems, whilst other conditions including, for example, dyslexia, dyspraxia, Aspergers syndrome and emotional and behavioural difficulties, may be viewed with scepticism and, in some cases, prejudice. (Benton and OBrien, 85) Therefore, it is fundamental for practitioners to seek means to provide support to enable learners with dyslexia, dyspraxia and hearing difficulty to overcome barriers to learning and a thorough awareness of the issue at hand is most all-important(a). This paper explores the various effective ways in which practitioners might provide rich support to deal with the special needs of the learners with dyslexia, dyspraxia and hearing difficulty.One of the most essential responsibilities of the practitioners in the modern educational framework... Such special requirements for the learning of students with dyslexia, dyspraxia and hearing difficulty include flexible teaching arrangements, dish out with processing language, help and support in acquiring literacy skills, support in organising and coordinating spoken and indite language and cognition, help with sequencing and organisational skills, help with problem solving and developing concepts, programmes to aid improvement of fine and repel competencies, support in the use of technical terms and abstract ideas, and help in understanding ideas, concepts, and experiences when information cannot be gained through first hand sensory and physical experience. One understanding of inclusion is that it aims to gain schools to reconsider their structure, teaching approaches, pupil grouping, and use of support so that the school responds the perceived needs of exclusively its pupils. Teachers, collaborating closely, seek opportunities to look at new ways of involving all pupils and to draw on experimentation and reflection. (Farrell, 12) Therefore, it is essential for the practitioners to seek new ways to support learners with dyslexia, dyspraxia and hearing difficulty. Dyslexia refers to the problems with language with regard to reading, writing, spelling, and phonological problems and it results in knockout learning issues in the classroom setting. It is a difficulty with receptive and expressive language in two its written and spoken forms and this constitutional difficulty is often hereditary. Learners with dyslexia have difficulties wi th reading, writing, spelling and oral language, along with difficulties with short memory, mathematics,

The Corpse Bride Analysis with Final Cut Pro Essay Example for Free

The Corpse Bride Analysis with Final Cut Pro essayTim Burtons Corpse Bride is ab out a young man who accident ally marries a zombie bride. Victor avant-garde Dort, and Victoria Everg cumulus, are arranged to take onward marriage. After Victor ruins the wedding rehearsal, he ees and practices in a forest near by, placing the wedding ring unintentional on a nger of a dead girl, who is direct saying she is Victors wife. The Land of the Dead holds many bewilderments for Victor bit he learns of Emilys past story and get to know one another better. Back at home with Victor away, Victorias parents go under to move forwards and marry her to a newcomer in town named Lord Barkis Bittern. Soon after Victor is certified of Victorias impending marriage to Lord Barkis. Victor agrees to die for Emily for their marriage to be valid, after realizing he has upset Victoria.Victoria nds them both at a church and is followed by Lord Barkis. As Victor prepares to draw the cup of poison to kill himself, Emily has second thoughts, realizing she doing the same to Victoria that was done on to her, taking away her happiness. Lord Barkis intrudes, and Emily recognizes him as her former anc and murder. Lord Barkis tries to kidnap Victoria against her will, tho Victor steps in to stop him. As Lord Barkis decided to leave he makes a speech and accidentally drinks a cup of poison that was meant for Victor. The dead drag the new arrival away for punishment. Emily backs out of her agreement with Victor, and sets him spare to be with Victoria. Giving the wedding ring back to him, she steps into the moonlight, she transforms into hundreds of butteries, leaving all to take she found peace.I choose to do this paper on Tim Burtons Corpse Bride because I baffle everlastingly loved the colors, music, story, and even the characters. After all Emily went through she is still optimistic even in her afterlife. supremacy fought through the whole movie for true love and in the end was rewarded. The characters do have aws but they are still enjoyable and relatable as well. This movie has amazing colors and lighting. Throughout the movie all the darks and lights are placed in the right spots to create a consistent mood. The characters also have so many shades of color to them. The music is just an added bonus to all(prenominal)thing. Some of the songs fun and lively, while others are a bit more serious. Tim Burton always does a serious play with his movies, and this one was no exception.While still enjoying all of the reason why I like this movie, I was watching out for all the transitions, cuts, color adjustments, and sound. Knowing that this lm was made by stop motion, made it a lot more interesting to experience. I know that there is only so much edit that bottom of the inning be contributed through a camera, while the rest must be from Final Cut. All the editing was done successfully, and if anything added more to the story and lm. Transitions were low-ca l and nicely cut at appropriate spots. They were not a distraction nor did they interrupt the experience of the lm. The color was amazing, the darks were deep, the colors were pigmented. The editing on the contrast and saturation were staring(a) for the feel of the lm. The video and sound went very well together. I think that this was a huge component in creating the ambience to this lm. The cute little features to this lm like how the sound goes with the lm was perfect.A good example is when Emily was playing the piano but her hand broke off and it continued to make the sounds of the keys with every little beat of the hand. Working this Final Cut I know how many options their are to decide between. They choose the right ones at the right time. They worked out every little detail, which Im sure took a while. single doing a minute project took a few days, I could only imagine working on something that is two hours long. To think that this movie was created with a software that anyo ne has access too, and is easy enough to learn, is amazing. They did an amazing job on Corpse Bride and only inspires me as a student to reach farther and achieve higher. They successfully created a lm with a decent story line, amazing visuals with the use of colors, sound that enchanted the video, clean transitions from clip to clip and all together an enjoyable experience.

Internship Report Onroyal Cement Limited Essay Example for Free

Internship Report Onroyal Cement express mail EssayI would like to thank my Faculty Advisor Roushan Ara Sultana for giving me the probability to work with her during my period of internship. I have been able to compile and complete this report in a comprehensive manner due to the guidance, support and counseling that he has provided me with during this period. I have tried my scoop up to implement her constructive suggestions while doing my report. I would also like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the attention provided to me by some. My sincere gratitude goes to Mr. Forman Uddin Chowdhury Director of personals of the company Operations and to Mr.Md Moonsur Ali Assistant General Manager Marketing, gross revenue Distribution for giving me time from their busy schedule, providing me with information that was required to complete the report, and for guiding me properly passim the period of my internship. I would also like to thank all the employees of Royal Cement Lim ited who has back up me and co-operated with me during my internship period. Finally, my sincere thanks go to each and everyone who has helped and supported me significantly in different stages during the period of my internship. foliate 2 University of Science and Technology ChittagongExecutive Summary Royal Cement Limited, one of the leading largest cementum industries in Bangladesh emerged in 2001. The company is well known for producing quality cement at a petty(a) price. The head office and the commercial building of Royal Cement Limited are located in Kabir Manzil, Sheikh Mujib road, Agrabad, Chittagong-4100. The other office of Royal Cement Limited is located in Dhaka and their outturn house in Joramtal, Barakumira, Sitakunda in Chittagong. The team consists of two leading companies of Bangladesh, which are Kabir Steel Group BSA Group.

Pathophysiology of Obesity Essay Example for Free

Pathophysiology of fleshiness adjudicateThe composition of this interrogation writing go out concentrate on the topic about the pathophysiologic condition of the inconvenience c all(prenominal)ed fleshiness. Thus, this would focus in the verbalize topic to determine the functional changes that go along with much(prenominal) token of bother that is seen to have developed as matchless of the prominent wellness problem in the society. More everywhere, the authorship would work in rendering fundamental information that is seen essential to further understand the condition of corpulency. In entree to this, this research would besides deal with the key beas that are seen to be of major concern with view to battling and preventing fleshiness. N sensationtheless, this holds on the purpose in rendering definite and essential information about obesity. The following will be discussed A Brief Background obesity Pathophysiology of Obesity Causes of Obesity Medical Trea tment and care for Intervention At the end of the paper, in intends to render facts and information about the pathophysiology of the obesity. Likewise, the completion of this research paper is withal set to provide clear and evident information with regard to the possible medical treatments and treat encumbrances that could be done to be able to battle and prevent obesity.A Brief Background Obesity It can be said that the discussions over the subject of obesity is usually overlooked as one of the major health issues that is in need of accorded attention. Normally, the society would describe obesity as a terra firma wherein an individual with much(prenominal) condition is seen to be ridiculous for having such abnormal and fatty proboscis. In a sense, obesity must be regarded as a serious condition in which it is seen to be one of the most prominent health disorders that if not decently handled it can result to numerous severe health complications in the body.In general, obes ity is characterized as a chronic condition that involves excessive number body fat (Goroll, 2006). Although body fat is required for storing energy, heat insulation, shock absorption, and other essential functions, the normal amount of body fat should only be between 25-30% for women and 18-23% for men (Goroll, 2006). Thus, women with excessive body fat with over 30% and for men with over 25% body fat are already considered obese (Goroll, 2006).Moreover, the obesity is also seen to be one of the escalating health conditions in the society wherein the numbers of people with such disorder are rapidly increasing (Obesity, n. d. ). In the United States, the obesity has already reached epidemic extent in which it is seen that one in every three Americans is obese (Obesity, n. d. ). Thus, obesity, as a serious health condition, is also seen to be rapidly increasing in the global society that the occurrence of obesity has practically forked up from the year 1991 up to 1998 (Obesity, n . . ). Pathophysiology of Obesity With the fact that obesity is a significant health threat, the particular(a) weight or the excessive fat is inclined to create extraordinary stress in all parts of the body (Causes, incidence, and risk of infection factors, n. d. ).Thus, the occurrence of obesity normally incorporates negative developments in the body that are seen as the acquisition of serious illnesses and raises the risk of individuals to having diabetes, kidney disease, heart disease, and stroke and gallbladder disease (Causes, incidence, and risk factors, n. . ). Obesity also creates ill-health conditions such as risque blood pressure and high cholesterol that are normally seen among the adults, which is now believed to be seen in the children that are obese (Pathophysiology of obesity, n. d. ). In addition to this, the obesity also increases the risk of individual to acquire certain types of cancer. Also, obese individuals are seen to be more inclined to develop degenerati ve joint disease and sleep apnea (Pathophysiology of obesity, n. d. ).Likewise, the obesity or the excessive fat is often accompanied by several symptoms such as breathlessness, tiredness, back pain, sweatiness, arthritis, menstrual disorders, poor sleeping and depression (Pathophysiology of obesity, n. d. ). Also, obesity increases the probability of myocardial irreverence and heart failure (Pathophysiology of obesity, n. d. ). Hence, it is seen that biggest probable impact of obesity in health, more especially with that of the elderly, is the diversity of its do with other systems in the body (Pathophysiology of obesity n. d. ). Causes of ObesityIn most circumstances, the majority of medical researchers jib that a combination of excessive calorie consumption and a inactive lifestyle are seen to be the primary inducts of obesity (Obesity, n. d. ). Thus, the increased of food consumption is normally attributed as genetic, medical or psychiatrical illness (Obesity, n. d. ). Like wise, it is also said that the other probable causes of obesity are hereditary influences, overeating, diet high in simple carbohydrates, slow metabolism, and frequency of eating, physical inactivity, medication such as antidepressants and psychological factors such as severe emotional distress (Obesity, n. . ).Moreover, in the review that is done in the year 2006, it is said that the most probable factors that have contribute in the rise of obesity are seen to be the cause of insufficient sleep, endocrine disruptors, decreased rates of smoking, increased use of medication that leads to weight gain, pregnancy at a later age, intrauterine and intergenerational effects, positive natural selection of people with a higher BMI (10 Factors in Rise of Obesity, n. d. ). Medical Treatment and Nursing InterventionTreatment by means of the help of a physician is seen to be necessary in obesity, more especially during the times wherein the persons ingest efforts to digest weight is not worki ng and when it is seen essential that simultaneous medical conditions make it vital for an obese person to lose weight (Medical Treatment for Obesity, n. d. ). Thus, prescription of medications may seem as necessary for those having people with obesity-related health problems (Medical Treatment for Obesity, n. . ).In addition to this, the prescriptions of over-the-counter supplements are also considered as essential in the medical treatment of obesity that could helpful for the people in effort to lose weight (Medical Treatment for Obesity, n. d. ). Behavioural strategies are also used in the treatment of obesity that could help modify dietary habits and increase activity levels of obese people (Medical Treatment for Obesity, n. . ). Likewise, psychotherapy for eating disorders with the therapist is also seen essential in the treatment process of obesity that may also require medication (Medical Treatment for Obesity, n. d. ). On the other hand, it is seen evident that the other pro bable treat intervention that could be done to battle obesity is having a healthy and active lifestyle through the presence of exercise.As such, the involvement through healthy exercises is indeed helpful in treatment of obesity as these activities are good in burning calories and other excess fats in the body. In addition to this, a good healthy diet is also seen as another nursing intervention for obesity in which eating healthy foods with balanced diet are essential in maintaining and achieving healthy body. Nonetheless, the modify personal discipline with regard to adverse eating habits is also seen as probable nursing intervention for obesity.ConclusionWith the above written facts and information about the pathophysiology of obesity, it is seen evident that choosing such topic in this research paper is indeed significant and helpful for the people, more especially among the individuals with such condition, as this provides factual selective information of the probable negativ e results that comes with obesity. As such, this research paper also provides factual gathering of information in battling and treating obesity. Nonetheless, it is seen evident that the issue of obesity is one of the serious health problems that are in need of proper attention.

Brain Drain Essay Example for Free

Brain Drain EssayThe first think that click in yur mind about brain boltpipe is movie newyork,the thing that happened to john abrahim ,he was basically a becoming person but he was torchured so much in jail that his niceness was removed ,and he became a terrorist his brain was completely drained, but u all r wrong with the assumptions. Brain drain which is also known as human_capital_flight means refers to the emigration of intelligent, well-educated individuals to somewhere for better pay or conditions, causing the place they came from to lose those skilled people, or brains. Typically, emigrating brains bring in learned English and move to the united Kingdom, the US or some other English-speaking country.The true nations concerned saves her pounds and dollars on professional study and training and in the process obtains the services of trained doctors/ engineers who/earn very much more than their indwelling counter parts and have more comfortable styles of living. Ther e have been several efforts to define the belief of brain drain, mainly by international organisations. For example, we can read the following in a 1969 UNESCO calculate .the brain drain could be defined as an abnormal form of scientific exchange between countries, percentageized by a one- way flow in favour of the most highly developed countries. hotshot of the most comprehensive report the main characteristics of brain drain as followsa) There are numerous flows of skilled and trained persons from developing to developed countries b) They are characterised by deep flows from a comparatively itty-bitty number of developed countries and by small flows from a bigr number of developing countries c) In these flows engineers, medical checkup personnel and scientists usually tend to predominate d) The above flows have grown with increasing rapidity in recent years f) The flows respond increasingly to the changed g) The migratory trends are stimulated both by the character of nati onal educational systems by lack and inadequate planning for the training of students from developing countries, in developed states as well as the proper utilisation of their-skills in their home country and h) Except peradventure for south America, there are no signs that the migration of talents is decreasing and there are fairly definite signs that its summation will,under present conditions, continue to accelerate.Types of brain drainOrganizational The flight of talented, creative, and highly trained employees from large corporationse.g. Yahoo,HubSpot,4and Microsoft that occurs when employees perceive the direction and leadership of the company to be unstable or stagnant, and thus, unable to keep up with their personal and professional ambitions. Geographical The flight of highly trained individuals and college graduates from their area of residence, for instance, those migrating from the mid-western United States to the coastal states and large metropolises. Industrial The m ovement of traditionally skilled workers from one sector of an industry to another. For example, jobs in the United States and other governments, also known as the public sector, have experienced significant generational brain drain as tenured boomer generation employees retire. Heightened competition for talent from the private sector and budgetary constraints have made it increasingly difficult to attract replacements for these retirees.

Marx and Weber’s Analyses of the Development of Capitalism Essay Example for Free

Marx and Webers Analyses of the Development of Capitalism EssayCapitalism is defined as An frugal and political system in which a countrys trade and industry are suss outled by private avouchers for profit. It is based on the division among two classes, sensation of which induces the apprehend of the other. Not only do the upper classes, or the middle class, own the mean of physical production but also the means of mental production. They control and manipulate ball club through the rule of education, religion and the media. Althusser distinguishes between repressive state apparatuses and ideological state apparatuses and indicates about how the bourgeoisie manages to maintain its rule. He argues that the repressive includes the police and the army in which use physical force to control the body of functional class as opposed to the ideological apparatuses such as the media and religion which control the emergence of ideas. A key component of capitalism is that the working class are laboured to sell their labour in tack for wages in order to survive. However, they do not receive an equal exchange for the labour they produce, but only the cost of subsistence. The difference of what the bourgeoisie receive from the labourers and the amount they pay spur is called the surplus value, meaning the profit they make. easy lay Weber was one of the founding fathers of sociology and contributed passing to our knowledge of how family works. Webers work potbelly be highlighted by referring to his study The Protestant Ethic and the aroma of Capitalism, first published in 1905 (22 years after the death of Karl Marx in 1883). Weber argues that the Protestant rehabilitation introduced a new belief system of Calvinism (a form of Protestantism founded by John Calvin during the reformation) which promoted a high work ethic and which eventually led to the rise in capitalism. Calvinists believed that God preordains the elect meaning of who would be reliev e after death and go onto heaven and who would not. This could not be changed through hard work or leading a good life as the decision had already been decided. This made Calvinists strive for success, with which they would reinvest into qualification more money, hence the development of capitalism.Weber distinguishes the differences between the capitalism of greed and wealth in onetime(prenominal) societies to those of present. Modern day people are pursing profit for its own sake rather than for consumption, hence wherefore the Calvinists reinvested their wealth. Weber calls this the spirit of capitalism. He further argues that this was the reason capitalism was stronger in places like Europe and the States and not in other places where Protestantism wasnt so established. Weber also distinguishes between many different existent forms of capitalism including traditional capitalism and booty capitalism however the crucial ideal type is the one named modern capitalism, or sagacio us capitalism meaning the repetitive, ongoing economic activity on the buttocks of rational calculation.Understanding what needs to happen and what the best way of achieving it is, allows for reinvestment and the growth of economic landprises. He argues that it is the rational side of modern capitalism that distinguishes it from other advanced economic areas such as China and India, two of which had higher and more advanced infrastructures in the 17th century compared to Europe and America. However, Weber is hugely criticised for his savvy of the rise in capitalism due to others believing that it was the peoples relationship with the material forces and there means of remittance which drove the change.Weber takes a key focus on religion and the impact that had on the difference of society as well as capitalism, whereas Marx focuses on class conflict. Marx argues that through industrialisation capitalism had been forced to increase due to growing separation of the two contrastin g classes. One class is the exploiting bourgeoisie who own the means of production and the other class being the proletariat who own nothing but their own labour. Marx predicted that the working class would eventually become conscious of their alienation and exploitation and unite to overthrow capitalism. This would slow bring in a system of socialism which would gradually evolve into a pure democratic communist society lacking in exploitation. He argued that capitalism would disintegrate due to interior tensions, adept like every other social system. He believed that communism was inevitably the next stage in the line of historical changes to class systems. Just as feudalism was replaced by capitalism, so capitalism would be replaced by communism.Marx argues that religion performs a different function than that of what Weber argues. Instead it operates as an ideological artillery unit used by the bourgeoisie to justify the suffering of the poor as or sothing unchangeable and g od-given. Religion persuades the working class that their suffering is honourable and moral and will be favoured in the afterlife. This is evident in the Christianity educational activity of it is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than it is for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven. This manipulates and oppresses the proletariat as it renders them blind to capitalistic trends ensuing and maintaining false class consciousness.However, Marx crapper be criticised for ignoring the positive functions that religions perform, made apparent by the psychological adjustment to misfortune that it offers. Abercrombie and Turner (1978) argue that in pre capitalist society, while Christianity was a major element of ruling-class ideology, it had only limited impact on the peasantry (A2 Sociology AQA Specification, 2009, pg 13) However, although Marx does argue that religion helps to control the manipulation of ideas of the working class he also believes that it is the h eart of the obdurate arena and the soul of soulless conditions, as it can act as an distraction to dull the hurt of exploitation.When comparing and contrasting two very highly influential historians such as Karl Marx and Max Weber, some would argue that it is highly important to look at their overall impact on society as well as humanity. Karl Marx focused highly on philosophy and his work is still influential in many cultures worldwide today. This contrasts to Max Weber who is considered one of the fathers of modern thought and could be considered one of the worlds most intellectual and influential persons. Although twain historians share clear similarities, for example both orgasm from a European Protestant background they also contrast and have distinct differences. Weber criticises Marxs theory as he believes that his view is too one dimensional and simplistic when looking at inequality.Weber argues that this is due to Marx seeing class as the only important division. Weber argues that status and causation also have high impact on the volume of inequality. He points towards the power elite for show and argues that they can rule without actually owning the means of production. Currently there are many independent companies that can control and rule particular labourers without being a part of the bourgeoisie, it is not as simple as Marx likes to preach. A great amount of people are in other situations than the time when Marx was writing, for example dealers in information, managers and civil servants, meaning that the relative importance of the struggle between owners and workers has relatively declined. Although Marx and Weber have blunt differences in their evaluation of modern capitalism their augments also share many similarities.They both believe that the economic system is a place where individuals are directed by abstractions (Marx). We must also take into flier the times of which both sociologists were writing. Weber is writing nearly half a century later and focuses highly on the impact of power, wealth and prestige. He argues that these were the three main factors contributing to capitalism and the distinction of classes. This contrasts to Marx who focuses singularly on the impact of class and how the contrast of bourgeoisie and proletariat impacted on the rise of capitalism. However, both of their summaries of overthrowing capitalism share many similarities. Both sociologists argue that in order for capitalism to be overthrown the working class must unite together to overthrow the ruling class and free themselves from capitalist oppression.BibliographyKarl Marx and Friedrich Engels (1932). The German Ideology . Moscow David Riazanov.Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (1848). Manifesto of the communist party. London.Max Weber (1978). Economy and Society. California University of California Press.doubting Thomas Hobbes (1988). The Leviathan. London Penguin .Phil Bartle. (2007). Marx vs Weber. Available http//cec.vcn.bc. ca/cmp/modules/cla-mweb.htm. Last accessed 10th October 2012. Louis Althusser. (1970). Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses. Available http//www.marxists.org/reference/ entry/althusser/1970/ideology.htm 970.Last accessed 10th October 2012 Michael Lowy. (2006). Marx, Weber and the Critique of Capitalism . Available http//internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article1106 . Last accessed 10th October 2012. No Author. (1999). Max Weber. Available http//uregina.ca/gingrich/s30f99.htm. Last accessed 10th October 2012. D. Sayer, Capitalism and Modernity An Excurses on Marx and Weber, pg. 4, London Routledge, 1991. Cuff, E. C., W. W. Sharrock and D. W. Francis, Perspectives in Sociology, third edition, London, Routledge, 1992.

The Book “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” Essay Example for Free

The Book Adventures of Huckleberry Finn EssayThe Book Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has stir up much controversy over the years after it was published and issued to the public. This work of literature has been argued nearly for many years. The Book has been attacked for reasons such as racism, bad grammar, obscenity, atheism and low moral tone. that so again others say otherwise such as Lionel Trifling who stated it to be a masterpiece. on that point are many mixed opinions about this password. These controversies will be explained and explored in deeper detail as we spark off on. For example, in 1988 a parent of a student attending high school in Tempe genus Arizona was attempting to sue the school stating that the environment was already racially tense and that the book Adventures of Huckleberry Finn intensified by it world the required development list. Many others were requesting for this book to be banned from the required reading list solely did not succeed for re asons of that the school district should take steps to reduce racial tension.However, after the instrument panel rejecting the ban on the novel for so many times in other areas the book was in the long run removed from the curriculum in New Trier High School in Winnetka, Illinois it was removed from the reading lists and school libraries. Arguably the most outspoken opposition to the book is John Wallace a former decision maker at the Mark Twain Intermediate School despite this protest the principal ref intentd to ban it just now was later overruled by the superintendent who stated it was racist trash. Mark Twain is most shunned for his violent use of the word nigger or the n-word. Large falls of controversy fall on the fact that schools were segregated when this book was originally printed but now they had been unsegregated the African American students and parents were offended by this text world read to and read by their children. slightly students even saying while readin g it in class that they felt embarrassed by it. I can serene recall the anger I felt as my white classmates read aloud the word nigger. In fact, as I write this letter I am getting angry all over again.I wanted to sink into my seat. Some of the whites snickered, others giggled. I can recall nothing of the literary merits of this work that you term the greatest of all American novels. I only recall the sense of relief I felt when I would flip onward a few pages and see that the word nigger would not be read that hour. This quote was written in a letter to his school about the Book. As you can see the African American students did not take much pleasure to the disrespect and embarrassment this book came with.The Novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn caused an immense amount of controversy over the years. Some still argue the point of its racist and demoralizing factors to this day. Some Parents and teachers still believe it is degrading and embarrassing to the African American students and believe it should no longer be printed. But many others think it is a great example of American heritage and lifestyle of that time period. Should it be banned completely or should anyone with desire to read it be able to do it at will. Thats up to you?

The elderly †a group apart Essay Example for Free

The aged a group a damp EssayOne of the largest groups that are routinely dismissed or ignored is the check of the population kn have got as the elderly. Because of their age, some people think that their ways or noesis may be outdated, no longer of use to the technological present. Other people dismiss the elderly because of their own issues regarding aging. Being around a person who is 85 or 90 makes them face the reality that they lead also be that age someday, and they are not ready to admit that. This is evident by the commodious cadences of money spent on anti-aging products and the increasingly busy plastic surgery industry.Unfortunately, when the general society ignores this contribution of the population, they fail to realize just what they are losing. If people dont attempt to learn from those who have learned the grand lessons of life, then they are doomed to make the same mistakes. What the general public does not recognize is the amount of wisdom that the elderly have. They have seen the world change before their eyes, and have so many stories to tell. Generally, the elderly are thought of as boring, and tired. Yet, when one takes the time to really listen to them, friendships can be created, and knowledge exchanged.Just because an elderly person may not know what an i-pod is, does not mean that they cant give instruction something new. The elderly are the same people that they were when they were young. The only difference is the wisdom and life-knowledge that they have gained on the way. Their humor, personalities, likes and dislikes are the same, as is their need of love and acceptance, a need that we all possess. Aging is a stage that is part of life, and just because someone is aged, does not make them less important.

An Interpretation of John Keats’ To Autumn Essay Example for Free

An Interpretation of caper Keats To declivity EssayIntroductionPoems by John Keats be a source of inspiration. He plays with his readers and takes them to places and times with his words. What inspiration does Keats bring? He inspire his readers to go beyond his words and discover a novel existence he occasions. He makes his words so colorful and alive it is almost musical to the ear. When one reads Keats, he wonders whats in his heart when he wrote his give awayicular rime and makes him want to be in Keats world and senses. In this particular review, I assay to see Keats world of declension from afar. A world detached, to objectively exa exploit and look at nightf all in all as Keats paints it with his words. I in any case wanted to doctor a perspective of Keats style with words, of how he uses them as a vehicle for others to journey to his world.In this equivalent review, I tried to experience the world that Keats created and feel both the experience of his symb ols and my comprehension of what he symbolizes autumn to be. The formal and thematic aspect of the verse form will be commented on however this interpretation will be candid as I believe Keats wanted his poem read. 1 2 Throughout the 3 stanzas of the poem, Keats has maintained the ten syllable monetary standard of each(prenominal) line, although, the foot amount of money of syllable stressed is a little slacked. As in the lines, Who hath not seen thee frequently amid thy store? Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find and some more.Reading aloud the verse, Drowsd with the fume of poppies, temporary hookup thy hook sp bes the next swath and all its twined flowers I could not quite place the stress of the syllables to create a metric sound. I call it literary license, Keats permit his reader to make a finality and choose the way to vocalize his poem. The first stanza is vibrant and tells us of bounty. It is a direct contradiction of autumn or fall as the season is the time wh en trees begin to bare its leaves and fruits are scarce. But in this poem, Keats describes autumn as the climax of summer, Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness, Close bosom-fri peculiarity of the maturing sun mist and mellow here are used as a welcoming scenario to a world filled with liveness-time and produce.The blend in word of the first line fruitfulness rhyming with bless on the third line and sustaining the rhythmic scale throughout the stanza gives a musical air as one reads the poem aloud. The stanza tells us also of a promise of continuity. To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells with a sweet kernel to set develop more, and still more, later flowers for the bees, true to the rhythm of his verses, Keats described autumn as a time when seeds are planted for lifetime sentence-time to continue. It tells as of a beginning of a season, fresh and ready for a new experience in a manner where the season before it, which is summer, in the festivities of plenty and n ot as a dying season ready to be forgotten and left behind.Autumn in Keats trueness receives Summers gift of plenty, it began as a climax of summer and therefore, promise to be a season 3 of new discoveries and not as bleak as shedding away the leaves of trees to forgetfulness. In the second stanza, the word flowers does not rhyme with any other words at the end of each line. I need to read the poem aloud and discover a rhythm for it to make the poem alive, it gets into a perfect rhyme with the word spares if thats where I put the measure at the end of the first line, thus, Drowsd with the fume of poppies, while thy hook Spares / the next swath and all its twined flowers.The same with the last 2 lines of the second stanza, Or by a cyder-press, with patient look, Thou watchest the last oozings hours by hours, by alone repeating the word, the seemingly ignored rhyme is captured. This is my personal preference of setting the rhythmic pattern of sound the poem, although, the rhyme pattern of the three stanzas comes out to be ababacacaaa, ababcdecdde, and ababcdecdde, in this particular order. It can be find that the first stanza follows an independent rhyme pattern from the other two stanzas. Keats may have done it by choice to stress the change of tone of the second stanza that is presented as a suspense.Why could Keats have done this? As I get absorbed in the autumn scenario of the first stanza, feeling the cool air and beholding laden apple trees bend, the mossed cott board, the vines and more, feeling the climax of summer shared into the start of autumn, and as I get lost to the world that Keats multi-colored with his words, somebody shoots a question like, Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store? and I was reminded that I am not alone. It was not even a question in the sense that Keats emphatic the steady of the season being one that cannot be ignored.If he likened autumn as a put of lifes journey and we choose the paths that we travel on, in t he roads we as wellk as we travel in this world, we met people to keep us company, 4 sometimes partway, the greatest thing maybe is to find beauty in life that keeps us company all through the journey. Reading the second stanza brings another question to my mind. What do I very seek for in this life? Why does Keats made me ask this when he wrote, Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find Thee sitting careless on a granary floor, What Keats say in this line is that there are people who sought for things in this life away from where they really are and in fact, what they are seeking for is just at bottom reach.Very clearly he meant happiness, he meant beauty of living, the beauty of living in the here and now. Keats wanted to tell his readers that we need not clutch for what we can achieve in the future to experience the delectation of being alive. We need only to be aware of the blessings we could find in the present to feel that joy that we seek for in our journey. The third stan za is a validation of the second stanza both in form and interpretation. I noticed that both have the same rhyme pattern and both starts with a question.It tells us of men looking out for joy too far out as in spring in autumn failing to notice that joy is just within reach. Where are the songs of spring? Ay, where are they?, Keats wanted us to know that in this lifes journey, happiness is not about the things we reap in the future but of finding happiness in every endeavor that we do without waiting for whatever fruits or rewards we earned as a result of our works. He tells us that like spring or summer or winter, autumn carries within itself its own music like the wailful choir of small gnats, the loud bleats of full-grown lambs, the songs of crickets, the whistles from garden croft, the chirp of the swallows.Keats wanted his readers to discover them. The choice of the word wailful, the reader can almost hear the smooth fall of tears of the gnats mournful music. Sad, yet in Keat s world of words 5 they represented lifes emotions that eventually gives meaning to everyones existence. He pictures autumns soft dying mean solar day with rosy hue and not with the bleak grey or the dying blackness of the welcoming dark, but of shades of the rose, full of life, full of promise, perhaps of another day ahead, a goodnights sleep, a beautiful dream, a walk in the moon? Or whatever the good life brings in the third part of man life.The poem is not necessarily strict with the pedantic form of the poem although as often as possible Keats wanted to adhere to the scholarly it dictates. In this form, the poem creates a character of pardon spirit and that refused to be tamed. The three stanzas o f the poem expresses a discipline. It follows a form respecting rhyme, measure, rhythm, color, and all the constituents of this form of literature. Yet, it does hesitate to lay away the conventional to express the soul of his expression as Keats refreshment from the rhyming patte rn to the rhyming pattern he followed on the second and third stanza. The syllabic measure of the words spares and flowers are left to the decision of the reader, making the reader an active participant to the interpretation of the poem.The three parts of the poem suggest the three stages of mans life at a charge of view, being at birth and early life, maturity and finally at the golden old age of man. But Keats only suggest, because all three speaks of seeking the joy of finding the beauty that life brings. The poem itself, as a form, is music to the ears. His play of rhythm, rhyme, and choice of words, in the context of emotionally attaching the self during its representative is like listening to the music of spirit. The poem vividly expressed the colors of autumn using natures characters as in rosy hue. It does not boast with lengthy lines, numerous stanzas, academic words to express the simplicity of enjoying life, in lifes term. 6ConclusionThe poem To Autumn is a metaphor. K eats represented the season as mans objects of his endeavors. In the same manner, the times of the seasons geezerhood represented mans three stages in life. Why has Keats chosen autumn to represent ingredients of lifes journey? Maybe because of the colors it creates as the season journeys towards another. Maybe because autumn carries with itself the fruitful proceeds of summer and links itself to the preparation winter does for a new life in spring. All these are speculations, and these speculations made me look into my life and my attitudes towards life as a journey.A lot of interpretations had considered To Autumn as one of the greatest odes that Keats had written. Written in September of 1819, this piece is regarded as his most achieved ode. 1. If all forms of writing, in different degrees of exertions aims to manipulate the readers mind to a certain mode of thoughtfulness, then Keats has manipulated mine into a romantic mode of communing with nature as a tool of reflection.He has vividly painted a picture of a season with words so successfully so that its form takes life and invited its readers to experience the joys of the season. It invited everyone to forget about worrying so much about future and take the joys of life in the here and now.1 Analysis of Keats Poem To Autumn Essay. http//exampleesays.com/viewpaper/?wid=1795

Restructuring & Downsizing Essay Example for Free

Restructuring furlough EssayHuman resource fudgement has evolved from a largely administrative and operational role to one and only(a) that plays an important dower in strategic planning. This shift is more evident in its role towards curtailment. The finality to downsize is a decision that requires c areful planning and meditateation. It is critical to consider the long-term effects that short-term address cutting measures squeeze out bring. downsizing creates disruptions in the organizations relationships with customers, suppliers and employees, organizations structure, culture and climate.As Wayne F. Cascio says if you must downsize, do it right, that no class of employee support be disproportionately affected. Finding the best stylus to downsize is crucial, because the success of organisations that have downsized in the past has not been particularly laudable. Downsize Decision The downsizing decision is the intimately demoralizing and stressful aspect of the emer ging Human resource managerial role. Downsizing is viewed as having a profound effect on the organization and the personnel including those who are terminated and those who survive.Yet it is the integral part of any work military force management decision. It considers understanding the tangible pitfalls of a reduction in workforce and analyzing the randy and practical ramifications. Downsizing whitethorn fill out about intentionally as a strategic, proactive response designed to improve organizational effectiveness, increase productivity and cost cutting strategy. This response may involve mergers, acquisitions, sell-offs, or restructuring to better enable the organization to meet its mission or fill an environmental niche.It may involve reduction in personnel through transfers, outplacement, privacy incentives, buyout packages, layoffs, attrition, and so on or may occur in which untested products added, new sources of revenue are opened up, etc. It affects work summonses. Fewer employees may be left to do the same amount of work and the quality may suffer. Downsizing activities may include discounting functions, abolishing hierarchical take aims, merging units, or redesigning tasks.Downsizing can impact financial well-being, health, personal attitudes, and family relationships. in advance downsizing HR need to explore possible alternatives such as reducing hours across the board, introducing forced vacation, asking for layoff volunteers, compressed workweek, hiring freeze, and early retirement or implementing other cost-cutting measures. Human resource managers should weigh in on several factors that influence downsizing decisions.They need to attain the specific problems downsizing is expected to solve, consider overall financial health of the company, fiscal operating policies, and industry benchmarks before proceeding, and canvass all well-grounded implications. Managing Process One key to a successful downsizing plan lies in managements ab ility to clearly convey to employees the purpose behind the cost-cutting efforts. Secondly, consider any oral or implied contracts of employment, review employee files, plan for the contingencies, know the stakeholders, clearly define criteria for selection factors on which downsizing decisions pass on be made.Downsizing may have variety of adverse effects on layoff individuals, survivors and organizations such as loss of morale, distrust, anxiety, feelings of chew over insecurity, anger, conjecture stress, physical ailments, poor mental health, decreased loyalty, lowered motivation and productivity, increase resistance to change, crisis mentality, politicised peculiar(a) interest groups, occupational violence, lack of teamwork, perception of unfairness, lack of leadership and overall commitment to the organization.Downsizing decision has to be a prudent one because it deals with lives of people. The managers will be faced with a work force at least partly staffed with survivors of downsizing. Providing information regarding the type of severance packages or outplacement benefits will be inclined to those displaced will alleviate some fears and let those who remain will know that their colleagues are being interpreted care of. The personnel attribute of downsizing usually involves reductions in personnel. However, downsizing is not limited completely to personnel reductions.In some downsizing situations new products are added, new sources of revenue opened up, and/or humanitarianal work acquired. Even though some people may be added, the overall process results in fewer numbers of workers employed per unit of output as compared to some previous level of employment. Human resources must also position the company to be able to respond quickly and effectively when the economy recovers. The approach taken by the organization to the downsizing process can have an current impact on the companys reputation with clients and potential future recruits.An inabil ity to recruit critical talent after can mean an inability to rebound, so kind resources must provide information openly and forthwith to manage perceptions and rumors both internal and external about the fairness of any reductions and the need for additional downsizing in the future. Job placement services, employee assistance programs and financial counseling are all services that human resources should consider offering to affected employees. In the aftermath of a mass downsizing, employee morale will doubtless be affected.Employers should strive to be as open as possible during the process. Information should not come as a surprise to employees. If the company repeatedly assured workers everything was fine before announcing an unexpected layoff, it will be difficult to regain the trust of the workers who remain. Similarly, if the company focus has always been on meeting the call for of employees and taking active steps to motivate and encourage staff, a forced layoff may a ctually be more detrimental because it is so contrary to employees expectations of the organization.Management and human resources should meet regularly with employees to keep them informed, resolution questions and respond to concerns. Any downsizing of the workforce is likely to result in the loss of key intimacy and critical skills. In the case of a voluntary separation program or early retirement initiative, Because turnover increases in the wake of a layoff, human resources must connect with key workers to outline their magnificence to the organization and provide information about how the company plans to recover.HR should also detail future race opportunities that can be realized by remaining with the business. Clear documentation, particularly regarding the layoff process itself, is important. Therefore it is live that HR management weigh the relative costs and benefits against the negative impact downsizing has on employees and identify hazards, undertake risk assessme nt, consult with employee representatives, pursue compliance with legislative duties and take appropriate steps to manage any significant hazards that are identified, including psychosocial hazards.Downsizing refers to activities undertaken by management to improve the efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness of the organization by reducing the workforce size. Implications of Organisational Restructuring to HR Planning Restructuring A Perspective Organizations and businesses today are faced with increased demands to become leaner repayable to global competition and rapid technology change. Many organizations have responded by corporate restructuring and downsizing or streamlining their operations and often outsourcing many functions originally designate to permanent employees.Restructuring can lead to changes of ownership, radical changes in the internal management structure, mergers, acquisitions and significant downsizing or hiring trends. Internal factors can also include the addition or removal of a major product or service, addition or loss of a major client or the restructuring of departments. Restructuring is not a quick fix. in the beginning restructuring we need to spell out the expectations and objectives and effectively communicate with the all the stakeholders to improve organizations ability to move through change effectively.Restructuring is a formal system of re-aligning tasks and reporting relationships that controls, coordinates, communicates, decides and motivates employees so that they cooperate to achieve an organizations goals. Restructuring may be carried out to expand and create new departments to serve growing markets or to downsize or eliminate departments to economize overhead. Depending on the size of the organisation and type of business one may adopt a savorless or tall structure and model it according to functional, divisional (product, market or geographic) or adjustive lines.Implications of Organisational Restructuring to HR Planning In the event of restructuring HR planning becomes critical because HR is typically amenable for handling all aspects of an organizations restructuring. HR departments provide or support announcements to employees regarding restructuring. HR is typically present when employees are informed of layoffs or permanent downsizing related to restructuring. Changes in employment policies, organizational structure, workforce, and location and job descriptions are announced to employees by human resources and management.HR also calculates changes in compensation and benefits resulting from reorganization. Organizations rely on human resources to provide a smooth transition during restructuring while retaining desired employees and integrating new employees into the new organizational plan. Restructuring leads to a new organization chart and HR need to reassess and alter their subsisting roles and responsibilities to better reflect the dynamics of the shifting workplace enviro nment.HR departments also fulfil staffing recruitment needs including preparing job descriptions, posting and publishing available jobs, screening and interviewing candidates for employment and integrating new staff members into their assigned work areas. HR will often be called on to act in an advisory mental ability salary ranges and often making changes to benefits, profit-sharing and other corporate perks. HR also institute training and educational programs and seminars and assist employees with transitions in and out of positions and in and out of the company.It may provide information, updates and job seeking resources for employees displaced from their jobs due to restructuring. HR departments are responsible for researching, recommending and implanting employee retention strategies during restructuring. Restructuring brings in changes to corporate cultures, which directly affects employees and may result in loss of identity, shrinkage in compensation, distrust, stress and c onflict. HR has to ensure the internal processes accommodate the changes and the communication free-base is prepared to sensitize the various stakeholders.

Sulas Wines Essay Example for Free

Sulas Wines EssayQuestion 1 The Indian wine industry presents or so interesting characteristics that empennage be analysed using the Porters five forces framework to understand to what intent it is a bankable one, and why it is attractive or not. Let us get started with Rivalry here(predicate) it is important to differentiate between the Indian and the global market. In fact, at the time the shield was written, the Indian market was expanding so rapidly (25/30% per year) that barter opportunities were flourishing and all the existing participants could easily transfer their products without the need to attack others customer base. However, if we broaden our point of view to the global industry, rivalry is way fiercer and exports atomic number 18 likely to be a less profitable chore than the domestic one. Overall, LOW/MODERATE. Buyers power in this industry, it is incredibly difficult to lock in a significant customer base made of man-to-man consumers that face virtual ly zero switching costs and have different tastes for wine. Additionally, wholesalers and retailers can exert solid pressure on wine producers for what concerns shelf space and wine selection. Therefore, it witnessms that buyers power is HIGH compared to producers, thus sound profitability.Suppliers power if we think in terms of the raw materials needed to produce wine, i. e. grapes and juice, we can state that, beingness them commodities, these are subject to the seasonal fluctuations in price, quantity and availability typical of agricultural products. In periods of unnecessary supply, high quality grapes could be purchased for lower prices and vice versa. Also, regulatory changes in 2001 reduced both gross revenue taxes and the costs of imported bottling items, thus increasing profitability.However, India has a major issue that turns out to be of authoritative importance to farmers and producers, i. e.the lack of stable electricity supply this could in principle give some talk terms power to suppliers of diesel and generators. Thus, suppliers power is LOW/MODERATE.Threat of substitutes although the Indian government has recently granted some(prenominal) concessions and liberalizations for both sale and consumption of wine, the threat of substitutes is still HIGH, especially for cultural reasons whereby whiskey, for instance, is traditionally preferred by the majority of Indians to wine. However, given the rapid expansion of the industry, there seems to be more than a hope that this outlook will change in the near future.Barriers to entry wine is definitely no easy business to start. There are several reasons to justify this point first of all, as Sulas case clearly shows, it takes time to obtain the various licenses to a fault, the knowledge and know-how required are extremely sophisticated and precise additionally, wineries are capital intensive businesses and the initial investment to set them up is substantial. However, as we can see from the c ase, the Indian wine industry has benefited from governmental liberalizations that have encouraged many an(prenominal) new wineries to enter the business.We can conclude that BTE are MODERATE/HIGH. The Porter analysis provides us with a moderately profitable scenario, in which it is not easy to start a successful business unless the exact skills and capabilities needed are present. In the following answer, these resources will be analysed in the context of Sulas activity. Question 2 The biggest altercate that Samant faced when he returned to India to produce wine was that of changing the alcoholic tastes of consumers. To do so, he had to rely upon a strategy that would leverage on the core resources and competencies he had brought back from California.Also helped by a vary consultant friend, Samant meticulously configured his piece if land in order to exploit the good potential drop of its location additionally, he successfully realized that an unconventional growing/harvesting s chedule had to be espouse if they wanted to take advantage of the seasonal characteristics of the weather, much(prenominal) as monsoons. He managed to earn a solid and valuable reputation, refusing to bribe officers to obtain the necessary licenses and took care of promoting its products, through marketing campaigns and wine tasting events, in the attempt of changing Indians culture towards wine.For what concerns the type of wines to start production with, Samant successfully identified those that could best construe with the spicy flavours of the Indian cuisine and, subsequently, he diversified the firms portfolio by introducing more varieties of whiteness and red wines. Finally, he has secured the unique and valuable expertise of some of the b dutyest players in the financial sector, who have sky-high joined him in the firms activities. This combination of factors have allowed Samant to put Sulas.Vineyards in a very comfortable position to exploit the huge growth that everyone expects from the Indian wine market by rights now, the firm seems to have a competitive advantage to further develop in the near future, if the right strategy will be pursued. Question 3 Looking at the numbers, Sula has been extremely profitable in 2007, with net profits that increased more than six fold since the year before also, sticking to market forecasts, it seems that an explosive growth has just begun in India, an opportunity that should definitely be exploited.Now that the business is well established and generates a steady stream of revenues, Samant may consider to raise additional debt to finance the long-term challenge of producing premium red wines in a separate winery, something that, if successful, would give Sulas business a major boost both in sales and in reputation. In the meantime, revenues from content sales would provide the capital necessary to feed the already existing business.Moreover, it could also be worth(predicate) it to attack the global market wit h initially lower prices to gain some market share also in Europe and in the U. S. at first, relationships with touristic targets such as hotels and restaurants would be established and, if this strategy worked out, thus Sula would face an ever-growing demand for its products, at least for the next 10 years, that could be met by running(a) together with other local producers of premium wine.The idea of a consortium of Maharashtra firms could be attractive for many reasons, among which a significant increase in bargaining power towards the government when it comes to requesting the necessary improvements of regional infrastructures, such as roads, electricity supplies, etc.

Marriage and Muslim Law

espousals and Muslim LawThe researcher has adopted a doctrinal act of research to do his project. The project entails the researcher to analyzes the concept of trade union on a lower floor muslim law. Various sources 2 primary and secondary sources shake off been consulted for the same. No part of this project is plagia place upright and the project is the original work of the researcher.IntroductionTo what extent is sharia a fixed set of norms that agree to whole Muslims? Many assume that sharia rules kitty simply be found either by reading the Quran, or by listening to the opinion of any Muslim priest. They to a fault assume that all Muslims be brim by the same rules, and that sharia rules fuel frankincensebe enforced across national borders to all Muslims equally, in the MiddleEast, Africa, Asia, and Europe. But is this correct? And if non, what past is the correct understanding of sharia?When people refer to the sharia, they argon, in fact, referring to their s haria in the name of the eternal will of the Almighty God.The variety of meanings of sharia has given rise to a flexible, multi-interpretable discourse ab issue sharia and law which moves smoothly from adept meaning of sharia to a nonher. trade union or Nikah in Islamic law is a contract pure and simple needing no committal to writing and no sc bed rites. All that is necessary is offer and acceptance made in the presence and sense of hearing of dickens male or pistillate person witnesses and recording the factum of man and wife in the Nikah Register maintained in every mosque signed by the parties and attested by witnesses. It is payable to the wife on the dissolution of union or stopping point or divorce. In India, at that place is no need to register the Muslim labor union, as there is no law requiring registration.I am grateful to Dr.Vijender Kumar to give me this valuable opport unity to do a project on The Concept of conglutination under Muslim Law.We have seen, it is the family law that has ever represented the very heart of the Sharia, for it is this part of the law that is regarded by the Muslims as entering into the very fudge and woof of their religion.Generally speaking, in the law of the family al nonpareil that the Sharia is still applied to many quartet-spot hundred million Muslims, for it is virtually only in the Arabian Peninsula, Afghanistan, Northern Nigeria that the Sharia is applied today, as such, outside the sphere of family relations and personal status.It is precisely in regards to the law of unification and divorce that the employment is joined today amongst the forces of conservatism and and progress in the Muslim world, and the vicissitudes of that battle provide, as we have seen, a gauge of social progress, a mirror of the advance of modernism in Islam, and an illustration of how a nominally immutable law can be changed in radiation pattern.Let us start accordingly with a summary statement of Islamic law in t hese matters. A Muslim cleaning lady is boundary to monogamy, while a Muslim man whitethorn have as many as four wives at once, but no more. In assenting, the Ithna Ashari branch of the Shia, al unmatched , allows him to have any number unstable br nigh former(a)hoods, or trades union of enjoyment, while all schools allow a man to indulge rights of concubinage with his own womanly slaves. Any versed intercourse outside these limits1constitute zina, or illicit sex relations, for which the punishment is remnant by stoning in the cause of an offender who has ever consummated a lawful man and wife, and one hundred lashes in the slickness of others. But these penalties can seldom be fittingly imposed because of the extremely exacting standard of proof required, and the principle that such punishments are averted by any circumstance of doubt-besides the fact that Islamic criminal law has today only a very limited application. In addition a Muslim hubby may repudiate his wi fe or wives at any magazine and at his unilateral discretion.So much for a very general summary. It is essential, however, first to consider this against its historic background and then elaborate it in greater detail. marriage ceremonys in IslamIslam, unlike other religions is a hearty advocate of marriage. There is no place for virtue like, for example the Roman Catholic priests and nuns. The prophet (pbuh) has utter there is no celibacy in Islam. spousal is a religious duty and is consequently a honourable safeguard as comfortably as a social necessity. Islam does non equal celibacy with high taqwa / Iman. The prophet has besides said, nuptials is my tradition who so ever keeps a focal point there from is non from amongst me.Marriage acts as an outlet for sexual needs and regulate it so one does not lead a slave to his/ her desires.It is a social necessity because by means of marriage, families are established and the family is the fundamental unit of our society. Furt hermore, marriage is the only legitimate or halal way to indulge in intimacy between a man and a woman.Islam takes a middle of the road position to sexual relations , it uncomplete condemns it like true religions, nor does it allow it freely. Islam urges us to control and regulate our desires, whatever they may be so that we remain dignified and not perplex like animals.Historical BackgroundIn pre-Islamic Arabia, it seems, there were roughly(prenominal)(prenominal) types of marriage, ranging probably from the patrilineal and including the so-called marriage of temporary enjoyment.The most respectable form, however, was a patrilineal marriage in which the groom salaried a parcel for, or to, his bride.This has developed no doubt, out of the widespread custom of paying bride-wealth to the tribe or the family of the bride for the loss of her reproductive capacity and as a stabilization both of the union and of the relation between two families but it would seem that even before the the orgasm of Islam the indue had come to be regarded in Arabia as properly belonging to the bride herself. In any case this is a characteristic of the Islamic law of marriage, however much it is still disregarded in practice in some quarters. Muslim jurists often in fact employ the simile of sale, and regard the dower as consideration for marital rights-a consideration that constitutes an essential element in every Muslim marriage. Nor is this dower repayable on divorce, in Islamic law, once the marriage has been consummated, even where the wife is primarily at fault, except by her own voluntary agreement.Hanafis, on the other hand, consider that an enceinte woman may contract herself in marriage provided she chooses a husband who is her equal in respect of family, trade, religion, and so forward that only minors may be given in marriage without their consent and that even minors have an option of repudiating such a marriage when they reach majority I all cases in which t he guardian who acted for them was other than let or grandfather.2The other Sunni schools exclude marriage by compulsion by any except the father or fathers father (or, in the case of the Malikis, the father or father or his executor) but they extend such compulsion, in respect of virgins daughters, far beyond majority.In addition, a man is forbidden from being married, at one and the same time, to two women who would be debarred, were one of them a male, from attaching each other3An Overview of Concept of Marriage in Muslim LawIslam, unlike other religions is a strong advocate of marriage. There is no place of celibacy in Islam like the Roman Catholic priests nuns. The prophet has said There is no Celibacy in Islam.Marriage acts as an outlet for sexual needs regulates it so one doesnt become slave to his/her desires. It is a social need because through marriage, families are established and the families are the fundamental entity of our society. Furthermore marriage is the onl y legitimate or halal way to indulge in intimacy between a man and woman.Islamic marriage although permits polygamy but it all prohibits polyandry. Polygamy though permitted was guarded by several conditions by prophet but these conditions are not obeyed by the Muslims in toto.Marriage-Pre Islamic PositionBefore the birth of Islam there were several traditions in Arab. These traditions were having several unethical affectes like-(i) Buying of girl from parents by paying a sum of money.(ii) Temporary marriages.(iii) Marriage with two real sisters simultaneously.(iv) Freeness of giving up and again accepting women.These unethical traditions of the society needed to be abolished Islam did it and brought a drastic change in the concept of marriage.Marriage DefinedIt is quiet relevant to cognise whether the Muslim marriage is a sacrament like the Hindu marriage, for this let us produce introduce with some of the definitions of Muslim marriage.(a)Hedaya4 Marriage is a legal process b y which the several process and facts of life and legitimation of children between man and women is perfectly lawful and logical.(b)Bailies Digest5- A Nikah in Arabic bureau Union of the series and carries a civil contract for the purposes of legalizing sexual intercourse and legitimate procreation of children.(c) ameer Ali6- Marriage is an organization for the protection of the society. This is made to protect the society from foulness and unchestity.(d)Abdur Rahim7- The Mahomedan priests regard the institution of marriage as par taking both the nature of Ibadat or devotional arts and Muamlat or traffic among men.(e)Mahmood J.8- Marriage according to the Mahomedan law is not a sacrament but a civil contract.(f) nether Section 2 of Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986 Marriage or Nikah among Muslims is a Solemn Pact or Mithaq-e-ghalid between a man a woman soliciting each others life companionship, which in law takes the form of a contract or aqd.Its a matte r of query still existing whether Muslim marriage is only a civil contract or an Ibadat Muamlat. While unleashing the various definitions its quite a monumental problem to say which one is the most appropriate, in my opinion although the essentials of a contract is fulfilled in so far marriage can never be said to be a contract because marriage forever creates a bondage between the emotions and thinking of two person. .J Sarsah Sulaiman9has said In Islam , marriage is not only a civil contract but similarly a sacrament.Muslim marriage can alike be differentiated from a civil contract on the basis of following points-(a) It cannot be make on the basis of future happenings unlike the contingent contracts.(b) Unlike the civil contract it cannot be through for a fixed hitch of time. (Muta Marriage being an exception.)Purpose of MarriageThe word Zawj is used in the Quran to mean a pair or a mate. The general purpose of marriage is that the sexes can provide company to one another , procreate legitimate children live in peace tranquility to the commandments of Allah. Marriage serves as a mean to emotional sexual gratification and as a mean of tensity reduction.Marriage compulsory or not ? fit to Imams Abu Hanifa, Ahmad ibn Hanbal Malik ibn Anas, marriage in Islam is recommendatory, however in certain individuals it becomes Wajib or obligatory. Imam Shafi considers it to Nafl or Mubah (preferable). The general opinion is that if a person , male or female fears that if he/she does not marry they will commit fornication, then marriage becomes Wajib. However, one should not marry if he does not possess the marrow to maintain a wife and future family or if he has no sex drive or if dislikes children, or if he feels marriage will seriously stir his religious obligations.Prophet said-When a man marries he has fulfilled half of his religion, so let him fear Allah regarding the remaining half.This very wording of Prophet marks the splendor of marriage, thus it could be well concluded that marriage in Islam is moldiness.Capacity for MarriageThe general essentials for marriage under Islam are as follows-(i) Every Mahomedan of sound mind and having attained puberty can marry. Where there is no proof or evidence of puberty the age of puberty is fifteen years.(ii) A minor and insane (lunatic) who have not attained puberty can be validly contracted in marriage by their single guardians.(iii) Consent of party is must. A marriage of a Mahomedan who is of sound mind and has attained puberty, is void, if there is no consent.Requirements of Muslim NikahThe solemnization of a Muslim marriage requires adherence to certain forms and politys. They are called the essentials of a valid marriage. If any of these requirements is not fulfilled the marriage becomes either void or ir tied(p), as the case may be. The essentials are as followsProposal and AcceptanceCompetent PartiesNo legal DisabilityAbsolute bulwarkThere is absolute prohibition of marriage in case or relationship of consanguinity which means the relationship of the person through his/her father or mother on the ascending side, or through his or her own on the descending side.Marriage among the persons related by affinity, ie, through the wife is not permitted. Marriage with foster mother and other related through such foster mother is also void.Relative Prohibitions Unlawful conjunctionMarrying a fifth wifeMarrying a woman undergoing iddatMarrying non-MuslimAbsence of proper witnessesWoman contracting a second marriage during the subsistence of the first marriage.The following marriages are also prohibitedMarrying pregnant womenMarrying own divorced wifeMarrying during pilgrimageEssentials of MarriageThe essentials of a valid marriage are as follows-(i) There should be a proposal made by or on behalf of one of the parties to the marriage, and an acceptance of the proposal by or on behalf of the other party.(ii) The proposal and acceptance must both be expressed at onc e meeting.(iii) The parties must be competent.(iv) There must be two male or one male two female witnesses, who must be sane and adult Mahomedan present hearing during the marriage proposal and acceptance. (Not needed in Shia Law)(v) Neither writing nor any religious ceremony is needed.Essentials Explored(i) A Muslim marriage requires proposal Ijab from one party and acceptance Qubul from the other side. This must be through with(p) in one sitting.(ii) The acceptance must be corresponding to what is being offered.(iii) The marriage must be kernelively immediate. If the Wali says I will marry her to you after two months, there is no marriage.(iv) The two parties must be legally competent i.e. they must be sane and adult.(v) The women must not be from the forbidden class.(vi) The consent given must be free consent,. It must not be an outcome of compulsion, duess, coercion or undue influence.Kinds of MarriageUnder Muslim generally two types of marriage is recognise(i) Regular Mar riage (essentials discussed earlier)(ii) Muta marriageMuta Marriage Muta marriage is a temporary marriage. Muta marriage is recognized in Shia only. Sunni law doesnt recognize it. (Baillie, 18). A Shia of the male sex may contract a Muta marriage with a woman professing the Mahomedan, Christian or Jewish religion, or even with a woman who is a fire worshipper but not with any woman following any other religion. But a Shia woman cannot contract a Muta marriage with a non muslim.The essentials of Muta marriage are-(1) The period of cohabitation should be fixed.(2) Dower should be fixed.(3) If dower specified, term not specified, it could amount to permanent or regular marriage.(4) If term fixed dower not specified, it amounts to void marriage.Aspects of Marriage(i) Valid or Sahih(ii) Irregular or Fasid(iii) Void or Batil(i) Valid or Sahih Marriage -Under the Muslim law, a valid marriage is that which has been constituted in accordance with the essential conditioned prescribed earlier. It confers upon the wife the right of dower, maintenance and residence, imposes on her obligation to be faithful and obedient to her husband, admit sexual intercourse with him observe Iddat.(ii) Irregular or Fasid Marriage Those marriages which are outcome of failures on part of parties in non fulfillment of prerequisites but then also are marriages to be terminated by one of he party is termed to be Irregular marriages. They are outcome of-(a) A marriage without witness (Not under Shia Law)(b) Marriage with fifth wife.(c) Marriage with a women undergoing Iddat.(d) Marriage with a fire-worshipper.(e) Marriage outcome of bar of unlawful conjunction.An irregular marriage has no legal effect before consummation but when consummated give rise to several rights obligations.(iii) Void or Batil Marriage- A marriage which is unlawful from its beginning. It does not create any civil rights or obligations between the parties. The military issue of a void marriage is illegitimate. They are outcome of-(a) Marriage through forced consent.(b) Plurality of husband.(c) Marriage prohibited on the ground of consanguinity.(d) Marriage prohibited on the ground of affinity.(e) Marriage prohibited on the ground of fosterage.Effect of Marriage (Sahih)The lawful obligations which arise after marriage are as follows-(i) interchangeable intercourse legalized and the children so born are legitimate.(ii) The wife gets power to get Mahr(iii) The wife entitles to get maintenance.(iv) The husband gets right to guide and prohibit the wifes movement(for valid reasons only)(v) Right of succession develops.(vi) Prohibition of marriage due to affinity.(vii) Women bound to complete Iddat period not to marry during Iddat period after divorce or death of husband.The ob ligations and rights set between the two parties during and after the marriage are to be enforced till legality. On the basis of a marriage husband and wife do not get the right on one anothers property.THE MARRIAGE CEREMONY1. Engagement or Mangni Does not qualify the future spouses to go out together, even if the parents consent. Man and woman become permissible for each other only after the murder of Nikah.2. Dowry The unislamic system of demanding and accepting dowry must be avoided at all costs. Shariah does not make any expense incumbent on the bride/brides parents. Even the marriage expenses, it is recommended to be borne by the bridegroom. However, the bride can bring whatever she wants of her free will, and it will always belong to her.3. Other Unislamic Customs Many other unislamic customs have crept into the marriage ceremony of some Muslims. These customs are either borrowed from non-Muslim cultures or last out because they are established in past generations. One must avoid them if they are against the Shariah, even if some people are displeased. Other customs like the breaking of coconut etc. also do not feature among the Islamic rituals. All actions, customs etc., which show disrespect to Islam or weaken the importance of Islam, have to be avoided.4. Haraam Acts Some of the rituals in marriage ceremonies are absolutely Haraam like the playing of music. It is also Haraam for ladies to go for mixed gatherings without proper Hijab. Such things invite divine wrath and take forth the blessings of this kind occasion. In the Islamic Law, marriage is an Aqd, a contract. The components of this contract are as followsA. Proposal In Islam the process of proposal by a man to a woman for her hand in marriage, or for that matter, to her family, is encouraged. Islam considers this natural, and recommends it as an act of respectability and dignity for women.B. Mahr And the intending husband is asked to offer a Mahr to the bride. Holy Quran says, And give women their Mahr as a free gift, but if they of themselves be pleased to give up to you a portion of it, then eat it with enjoyment and with wholesome result. (Surah Nisa 44)The following points are worthy of considerationa) Mahr must be agreed upon by the marrying partners themselves, not by parents.b) Mahr is her right, to which her husband remains indebted.c) It is a free gift and not her price.The Mahr may be cash, kind or non-material (like training or teaching something). It can be paid up front or can be in form of promise to pay upon demands stubborn prior to the solemnization of marriage. Moajjal (immediate), Muwajjal and Indat-talab (on demand). However, it is much recommended to pay it before or at the time of Nikah itself.C. The Nikah Ceremony consort to Shariah, the wife-to-be says, An Kahtu nafsaka alal mahril maloom. (I have given away myself in Nikah to you, on the agreed Mahr.).Immediately, the man (bridegroom) says, Qabiltun Nikaha. (I have accepted the Nikah.).With these pronouncements, they become husband and wife.If the marrying partners are not able to recite the formula in Arabic, one or two persons or priests are appointed and authorized to serve. One who represents the bride would first seek her explicit consent to officiate on her behalf, and so would the other who acts on behalf of the groom. Naturally, there would be a slight variation in the pronouncements, because the persons reciting them are appointees. A person who represents the bride would initiate by saying, Ankahtu muwakkilati muwakkilaka alal mahril maloom. (I give away in Nikah the woman who has thus appointed and authorized me, to the man who has authorized you, on an agreed Mahr.)The grooms representative would respond, Qabiltunnikaaha limuwakkili alal mahril maloom. (I accept the Nikah on behalf of the one who has appointed me, on the agreed Mahr.)It is mustahab to recite a brief discourse or Khutba before the Nikah formula is enunciated. In this Khutba, Allah is praised for His Wisdom in regulating the lawful process of procreation, and then the traditions from Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) are also recited.D. Time of Marriage Ceremony Though basically marriage is allowed at all times, the re are some days on which marriage is not recommended some of these are based on ahadith and some on cultural, historical reasons.Generally, we can categorize these days into three (a) There are some ahadith which say that it is makruh (not recommended) to have a marriage ceremony on the days when the moon is in the configuration of Scorpio (this is known as al-qamar fil aqrab or qamar dar aqrab), during the last two or three days of the lunar months, and on Wednesdays. (b) There are certain days of the Islamic calendar, which have become associated with the early events of the Islamic archives for example, the 10th of Muharram is the day of lamentation for the massacre at Karbala or the day of Holy Prophet Muhammads (s.a.w.) death in Safar, etc. Since such days are commemorated by the Muslims as days of mourning, it is socially and, to some extent, religiously not recommended to have a marriage ceremony on such days.Shia Ithna Ashari (Twelver Shias), especially in India and Pakis tan, rarely perform marriage ceremony between the 1st of Muharram and the 8th of Rabi al-Awwal as this period includes the mourning days of Muharram culminating in the martyrdom of Imam Askari (a.s.). The 9th Rabi al-Awwal is celebrated as Eid-e-Zahra..If there is a need, however, Nikah, can be performed at any time.E. Permission of the Bride-to-be/Father The girls consent is necessary and has to be taken by her representative, directly.In case of a virgin/spinster the fathers or the grandfathers permit is also necessary. However if the permission is unreasonably withheld under some conditions or the girl has no father/paternal grandfather it is not necessary. However, a woman who is not a virgin, does not require any permission in case of remarriage.ConclusionMarriage is a religious duty of every Muslim and it is considered to be a moral safeguard and a social need. The Prophet has also said Marriage is my tradition whosoever keeps away there from is not from amongst me. Holy Qura n says And marry those among you who are single and those who are fit among your male slaves and your female slaves if they are needy, Allah will make them free from want out of His grace and Allah is Ample-giving, Knowing. (Surah Nur 2432).The above ayat begins with the spoken communication Wa Ankehoo (And marry ) The imperative form of the word nikah implies that either it is obligatory or highly recommended. According to scholars, though marriage is a highly recommended act, it becomes obligatory when there is a chance of falling into sin.Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) says, No house has been built in Islam more beloved in the sight of Allah than through marriage.On another occasion Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) said The best people of my nation (Ummat) are those who get married and have chosen their wives, and the worst people of my nation are those who have kept away from marriage and are passing their lives as bachelors.Imam Ali (a.s.) exhorts, Marry, because marriage is the tradition of Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.). Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) also said, Whosoever likes to follow my tradition, then he should know that marriage is from my tradition.Unlike Hindu where the marriage is a sacrament, marriages in Muslims have a nature of civil contract. Marriage is necessary for the legitimization of a child. When the marriage is done in accordance to the prescribed norms it creates various rights and obligations on both the parties.